Archive for February, 2012

Sunday, February 26th, 2012

Everybody has heard of a Will, but not everyone has one.  Many people think you have to be rich to have a need for a Will but that’s simply not true.  Everyone has some property at the time of his or her death.  A Will ensures that your property will be distributed to your friends and family in a way that is fair in your mind or in the manner in which you want it to be distributed at the time of death.  Keep in my mind that a Will is a legal document but it does not take effect until you are deceased.  This means that, until you die, you can change or entirely revoke your Will.  Your Will’s terms are not binding until you pass away.  Then and only then can it be submitted to the court through a process known as “probate.”  Probate means that the person who has the Will has died and the Will is being presented to instruct the court on how to divide and distribute the deceased persons’s property among the named family and/or friends.

Death is a hard subject to discuss with your loved ones and it is not always easy to get their attention when it comes to discussing who should get what in a Will.  Some relatives shy away from this type of discussion while others want to argue over such matters.  It is much easier to plan ahead than to wait until you are sick or elderly to draw up your Will.  If you plan ahead, it will only take a day or two out of your schedule to write down your most significant property interests and to decide how you want those interests divided at your passing.

The biggest asset most people have is their home.  Thus, a home provides a good example for division or distribution in a Will.  First, decide how you want to dispose of the home in your Will.  You can do this by either instructing that it be sold and the proceeds divided among your named relatives, friends, or others (such as businesses or charities) or you can choose to distribute it (transfer it at death) to one or more persons or entities at the time of your passing.  This decision should be made with your spouse if you are married.

Once you have made a list of all your assets and the manner in which you alone or you along with your spouse want the property distributed or divided, you should look for a reputable attorney to help you transform your wishes into a Will.  As with many other purchase decisions, cost is a relevant factor but choosing an attorney based solely on price can be dangerous.  You should look for a competent lawyer that will sit with you to discuss your wishes, look at your property interests, and decide with you the best option to achieve your goals.  Talking with the attorney is the best way to gauge if he or she is reliable and competent to draw up the legal document that will convey your goals in distributing your assets at the time of your demise to the probate court.

Once you have chosen an attorney and the Will is created, it is best to choose a secure location to keep the Will.  Many people keep their Wills in a bank safety deposit box along with other important documents.  Of course, it is crucial that you notify someone of the whereabouts of your Will.  You should usually notice the “Executor,” the person named in the Will to carry out distribution of the assets, of the existence and whereabouts of your Will.   After you have completed these important steps, you can rest easier knowing that your property and your loved ones will be taken care of at the time of your passing.

Sullenger Law Office, PLLC would be proud to assist you with planning and drafting your Will, power of attorney, or other estate planning document.  Contact our office at (270) 443-9401 or visit www.sullengerfirm.com/estate/index.html.

Drivers Should Exercise Their Right to Refuse a Vehicle Search

Thursday, February 9th, 2012

Most people do not know that they have the right to refuse a search of their vehicle when they get pulled over by the police.  Often times, when police stop someone for something such as a broken tail light or for exceeding the speed limit, the officer will ask if anything illegal is in the vehicle.  If the driver says “no,” the officer might then ask the driver to consent to a search.  This routinely happens because most drivers do not know that they have the right to refuse to allow the police to search the vehicle without the officer first obtaining a search warrant.  Most citizens give in to the pressure of the police officer’s authority.

The U.S. Constitution provides for protection from illegal searches and seizures. However, when a police officer asks to search, most drivers agree to allow the search.  This consent to search allows the officer to acquire potentially damaging evidence against a driver without having to first establish probable cause for the search or obtain a search warrant.  Some officers will even sternly state that the search of the vehicle can be done “the easy way” or “the hard way.”  This form of intimidation is intended to get the driver to consent to a search of the vehicle without having to get a search warrant.

Only three exceptions exist to the search warrant requirement.  First, where an officer has probable cause to believe a evidence of an illegal activity is located in the vehicle, he or she does not need a driver’s consent or a search warrant to search the vehicle.  Probable cause can best be explained as a very good reason for an officer to search a vehicle upon a routine traffic stop.  For example, if a driver is pulled over for speeding and the officer approaches the vehicle and smells marijuana, he has “probable cause” to search the vehicle because of the obvious indication that the driver of the vehicle is in possession of an illegal drug.

The “plain view” doctrine is a second exception to the warrant requirement.  If an officer sees something illegal in “plain view” on his approach to the vehicle, he can search the vehicle for that item and any other illegal items.  The officer can search the vehicle because he or she has witnessed contraband or illegal items in the possession of the driver of the vehicle.

The conduct of an arrest is third and last exception.  If a driver is arrested, the police have the right to search the vehicle without a warrant.  The driver cannot refuse the search in this situation, either.

Despite the three noted exceptions above, a driver’s best option is to refuse the search when an officer asks.  Denying consent may or may not prevent the police from searching your vehicle.  However, a citizen does have the right to refuse when asked for consent to search and should not feel pressured to comply just because the person asking has a badge and gun.